Konstitusionalitas Aksi Demo: Menimbang Hak Menyatakan Pendapat dan Ketertiban Umum dalam Hukum Tata Negara Indonesia

Sulistyowati, . (2026) Konstitusionalitas Aksi Demo: Menimbang Hak Menyatakan Pendapat dan Ketertiban Umum dalam Hukum Tata Negara Indonesia. Jurnal Greenation Sosial dan Politik, 4 (2). pp. 1135-1145. ISSN 2985-9433

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Abstract

Demonstrations constitute an essential pillar of modern democracy, serving as a
conduit for public aspirations and social control. However, their execution inherently
generates tension between the citizens' constitutional right to freedom of expression and the
state's obligation to maintain public order. This article analyzes the constitutional
boundaries of demonstrations in Indonesia through two problem formulations. First, how the
guarantees and limitations of the right to express opinions are stipulated in Indonesian
positive law. Second, how law enforcement practices respond to demonstrations,
encompassing both repressive measures by state apparatus and anarchic actions by
protesters. Employing a normative-juridical approach, this article finds that Article 28E
paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia guarantees freedom of
expression, whereas Article 28J paragraph (2) provides a legitimate legal basis for its
limitation. Furthermore, Constitutional Court Decision Number 271/PUU-XXIII/2025
affirms that Article 256 of the new Criminal Code (KUHP) is cumulative in nature, meaning
that the absence of prior notification cannot be immediately penalized without the presence
of actual public disturbance. Field practices during the Peringatan Darurat (Emergency
Warning) demonstrations in August 2024 revealed excessive repressive actions by the police
force. Conversely, law enforcement against anarchic acts, such as the illegal blockading of
roads in Bima and the destruction of public facilities in Yogyakarta, holds strong juridical
legitimacy. The article recommends the establishment of objective interpretation guidelines
for the element of public disturbance, a paradigm reform in the Indonesian National Police's
security approach, and the reinforcement of a responsible democratic culture.

Item Type:	Article
Subjects:	K Law > K Law (General)
Divisions:	Artikel > Hukum
Depositing User:	BPSI Unas
Date Deposited:	30 Jun 2026 04:12
Last Modified:	30 Jun 2026 04:12
URI:	https://repository.unas.ac.id/id/eprint/16746

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