Why Do Orangutans Leave the Trees? Terrestrial Behavior Among Wild Bornean Orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) at Tuanan, Central Kalimantan

ALISON M. ASHBURY, - and MARY ROSE C. POSA, - and LYNDA P. DUNKEL, - and BRIGITTE SPILLMANN, - and S. SUCI UTAMI ATMOKO, - and CAREL P. VAN SCHAIK, - and MARIA A. VAN NOORDWIJK, - (2015) Why Do Orangutans Leave the Trees? Terrestrial Behavior Among Wild Bornean Orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) at Tuanan, Central Kalimantan. American Journal of Primatology.

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Abstract

Orangutans (genus Pongo) are the largest arboreal mammals, but Bornean orangutans (P. pygmaeus spp.) also spend time on the ground.Here,we investigate ground use among orangutans using 32,000hr of direct focal animal observations from awell-habituated wild population of Bornean orangutans(P.p. wurmbii) living in a closed-canopy swamp forest at Tuanan, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Ground use did not change with increasing observation time of well-habituated individuals, suggesting it was notanartifactofobserverpresence. Flangedmales spentthemost timeontheground(ca.5%ofactive time), weaned immatures the least (around 1%). Females and immatures descended mainly to feed, especially on termites, whereas flanged males traveled more while on the ground. Flanged males may travel more inconspicuously, and perhaps also faster, when moving on the ground. In addition, orangutans engagedinground-specificbehavior,including drinking from and bathing in swamp pools. Supplementary records from 20 ground-level camera traps, totaling 3986 trap days, confirmed the observed age-sex biases in ground use at Tuanan. We conclude that ground use is a natural part ofthe Bornean orangutan behavioral repertoire,how everit remains unclear to what extent food scar city and canopy structure explain population differences in ground use.Am.J.Primatol. © 2015WileyPeriodicals,Inc. Key words: Borneo; orangutan terrestriality; Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii; ground travel; direct observation; camera trapping

Item Type: Article
Subjects: Q Science > Q Science (General)
Divisions: Artikel > Biologi
Depositing User: BPSI Unas
Date Deposited: 20 Aug 2017 01:18
Last Modified: 20 Aug 2017 01:18
URI: http://repository.unas.ac.id/id/eprint/55

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